VISUAL SPATIAL SKETCHPAD CODE
Visually presented language can be transformed into phonological code by silent articulation and thereby be encoded into the phonological store. It consists of two parts: a short-term phonological store with auditory memory traces that are subject to rapid decay and an articulatory rehearsal component that can revive the memory traces.Īny auditory verbal information is assumed to enter automatically into the phonological store. The phonological loop (or "articulatory loop") as a whole deals with sound or phonological information. Rather, there seem to be separate executive functions that can vary largely independently between individuals and can be selectively impaired or spared by brain damage. Recent research on executive functions suggests that the 'central' executive is not as central as conceived in the Baddeley & Hitch model. Using the dual-task paradigm, Baddeley and colleagues have found, for instance, that patients with Alzheimer's dementia are impaired when performing multiple tasks simultaneously, even when the difficulty of the individual tasks is adapted to their abilities. It can be thought of as a supervisory system that controls cognitive processes and intervenes when they go astray. shifting between tasks or retrieval strategies.binding information from a number of sources into coherent episodes.The central executive is a flexible system responsible for the control and regulation ofĬognitive processes. 1.3.1 Logie's elaboration of the visuospatial sketchpad.In contrast, when a person tries to carry out two tasks simultaneously that use the same perceptual domain, performance is less efficient than when performing the tasks individually. a visual and a verbal task) is nearly as efficient as performance of the tasks individually. Performance of two simultaneous tasks requiring the use of two separate perceptual domains (i.e. In 2000 Baddeley added a third slave system to his model the episodic buffer.īaddeley & Hitch's argument for the distinction of two domain-specific slave systems in the older model was derived from experimental findings with dual-task paradigms. The slave systems are short-term storage systems dedicated to a content domain (verbal and visuo-spatial, respectively). The original model of Baddeley & Hitch was composed of three main components the central executive which acts as supervisory system and controls the flow of information from and to its slave systems: the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad. However, alternative models are developing (see working memory) providing a different perspective on the working memory system. This model is later expanded upon by Baddeley and other co-workers and has become the dominant view in the field of working memory.
Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch proposed a Model of Working Memory in 1974, in an attempt to describe a more accurate model of short-term memory.īaddeley & Hitch proposed their working memory model as an alternative to the short-term store in Atkinson & Shiffrin's 'multi-store' memory model (1968).
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